Impact of SDN Controllers Deployment on Network Availability

Software-defined networking (SDN) promises to improve the programmability and flexibility of networks, but it may bring also new challenges that need to be explored. The purpose of this technical report is to assess how the deployment of the SDN controllers affects the overall availability of SDN. For this, we have varied the number, homing and location of SDN controllers. A two-level modelling approach that is used to evaluate the availability of the studied scenarios. Our results show how network operators can use the approach to find the optimal cost implied by the connectivity of the SDN control platform by keeping high levels of availability.Comment: Department of Telematics, NTNU, Tech. Rep., March 201

Caracterización preliminar de frutos de granada china (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) en Hueyapan y Teziutlán, Puebla

En la Sierra Nororiental de Puebla, México, los frutos de granada china son muy apreciados por la población local, pero existen pocos datos sobre su calidad hortofrutícola. Con el fin de iniciar la selección de individuos productores de frutos de buena calidad, se tomaron como muestra diez frutos de 20 plantas, cinco de cada localidad, Talzinta, Nexpan, Tanamacoyan y Mexcalcuautla, para analizarlos física (peso, diámetro, color, porcentaje de los componentes del fruto) y bioquímicamente (sólidos solubles totales, pH, acidez titulable, densidad del jugo). El valor medio para peso de frutos varió de 85 a 57 g; el porcentaje de pulpa de 81 a 51%; y el contenido de sólidos solubles totales (SST) fue de 17.5 a 12.2 ºB. El análisis de conglomerados, a una distancia euclidiana de 12.6, formó cinco grupos; en los grupos 2, 3 y 4 se observaron frutos de mayor tamaño (+ 75 g), con altos porcentajes de pulpa (60%) y valores aceptables de SST (14 ºB); éstos fueron los colectados en Talzinta y Nexpan. El análisis de componentes principales (CP) indicó que los primeros cinco CP explicaron el 75% de la variabilidad observada; siendo 25 y 18% la variabilidad que explican los CP 1 y CP 2, respectivamente. CP 1 estuvo altamente influenciado por el diámetro polar (0.900), luminosidad (-0.767) y el peso fresco del fruto (0.750); el CP 2 se relacionó con porcentaje de pulpa (0.866), porcentaje de cáscara (-0.866) y porcentaje de semillas (0.857). Esta información permitirá iniciar la selección de individuos productores de fruto de buena calidad, en la región de Teziutlán, PueblaEn la Sierra Nororiental de Puebla, MÈxico, los frutos de granada china son muy apreciados por la poblaciÛn local, pero existen pocos datos sobre su calidad hortofrutÌcola. Con el fin de iniciar la selecciÛn de individuos productores de frutos de buena calidad, se tomaron como muestra diez frutos de 20 plantas, cinco de cada localidad, Talzinta, Nexpan, Tanamacoyan y Mexcalcuautla, para analizarlos fÌsica (peso, di·metro, color, porcentaje de los componentes del fruto) y bioquÌmicamente (sÛlidos solubles totales, pH, acidez titulable, densidad del jugo). El valor medio para peso de frutos variÛ de 85 a 57 g; el porcentaje de pulpa de 81 a 51%; y el contenido de sÛlidos solubles totales (SST) fue de 17.5 a 12.2 ºB. El an·lisis de conglomerados, a una distancia euclidiana de 12.6, formÛ cinco grupos; en los grupos 2, 3 y 4 se observaron frutos de mayor tamaÒo (+ 75 g), con altos porcentajes de pulpa (60%) y valores aceptables de SST (14 ºB); Èstos fueron los colectados en Talzinta y Nexpan. El an·lisis de componentes principales (CP) indicÛ que los primeros cinco CP explicaron el 75% de la variabilidad observada; siendo 25 y 18% la variabilidad que explican los CP 1 y CP 2, respectivamente. CP 1 estuvo altamente influenciado por el di·metro polar (0.900), luminosidad ( 0.767) y el peso fresco del fruto (0.750); el CP 2 se relacionÛ con porcentaje de pulpa (0.866), porcentaje de c·scara ( 0.866) y porcentaje de semillas (0.857). Esta informaciÛn permitir· iniciar la selecciÛn de individuos productores de fruto de buena calidad, en la regiÛn de Teziutl·n, Puebla

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell-Specific Progerin Expression Provokes Contractile Impairment in a Mouse Model of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome that Is Ameliorated by Nitrite Treatment

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death worldwide, and aging is its leading risk factor. Aging is much accelerated in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), an ultra-rare genetic disorder provoked by the ubiquitous expression of a mutant protein called progerin. HGPS patients die in their teens, primarily due to cardiovascular complications. The primary causes of age-associated CVD are endothelial dysfunction and dysregulated vascular tone; however, their contribution to progerin-induced CVD remains poorly characterized. In the present study, we found that progeroid LmnaG609G/G609G mice with ubiquitous progerin expression show both endothelial dysfunction and severe contractile impairment. To assess the relative contribution of specific vascular cell types to these anomalies, we examined LmnaLCS/LCSTie2Cretg/+ and LmnaLCS/LCSSm22αCretg/+ mice, which express progerin specifically in endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), respectively. Whereas vessel contraction was impaired in mice with VSMC-specific progerin expression, we observed no endothelial dysfunction in mice with progerin expression restricted to VSMCs or ECs. Vascular tone regulation in progeroid mice was ameliorated by dietary sodium nitrite supplementation. Our results identify VSMCs as the main cell type causing contractile impairment in a mouse model of HGPS that is ameliorated by nitrite treatment.Work in V.A.’s lab was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCI, grant SAF2016-79490-R), with co-funding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF, “Una manera de hacer Europa”). L.d.C. was supported by a Jordi Soler postdoctoral contract from the Red de Investigación Cardiovascular (RETIC Program, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), and A.S.-L. was supported by a predoctoral contract from the MCI (SVP-2014-068334) and by a grant from Asociación Apadrina la Ciencia-Ford España-Ford Motor Company Fund. The CNIC is supported by the MCI, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and the Pro-CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (grant SEV-2015-0505).S

Variable magmatic features of Oligocene-early Miocene Patagonian magmatism as result of subduction-induced mantle dynamics

New geochemical and geochronological data reveal that late Oligocene-early Miocene time isa break point in the evolution of Andean magmatism. The Patagonian Andes registered theonset of arc volcanism since the late Eocene forming part of the El Maitén Belt, whosedevelopment was driven by the subduction of the Farallón/Nazca plates beneath the Andeanmargin (Rapela et al., 1988). New data indicate that during the Oligocene El Maitén Belt showa change from tholeiitic to calc-alkaline compositions, reflecting a more mature stage in arcevolution. Toward the early Miocene, Andean arc magmatism turned into basic tholeiitic lavaflows, which intercalate with marine deposits, suggesting their development under extensionaltectonics (e.g., Bechis et al., 2014). These rocks resemble E-MORB-like and OIB compositionswith primitive mantle sources, which strongly contrast with previous arc products. By this time,a global plate reorganization event would have caused an increase in convergence rates,accelerated roll back and a more orthogonal subduction geometry, triggering a widespreadmagmatism and the development of extensional basins in the upper plate (e.g., Fennell et al.,2018; Lonsdale, 2005; Muñoz et al., 2000). Records of volcanic associations with arc signatureduring the early Miocene can be found only in the western slope of the Andes, suggesting theretreat of the volcanic front toward the trench (e.g., Encinas et al., 2016; Muñoz et al., 2000).The proposed model suggests that slab rollback would have caused vigorous mantleconvection allowing the coexistence of arc related magmatism with deep-sourced intrusions.Fil: Fernández Paz, Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Bechis, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio; ArgentinaFil: Litvak, Vanesa Dafne. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Echaurren Gonzalez, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Encinas, Alfonso. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Gonzalez, J.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Lucassen, Friedrich. Universitat Bremen; AlemaniaFil: Oliveros, Verónica. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Valencia, Victor. Washington State University; Estados UnidosFil: Folguera Telichevsky, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentina8th International Symposium on Andean GeodynamicsQuitoEcuadorEscuela Politécnica NacionalInstitut de Recherche pour le Développemen

Abundance trend with condensation temperature for stars with different Galactic birth places

During the past decade, several studies reported a correlation between chemical abundances of stars and condensation temperature (also known as Tc trend). However, the real astrophysical nature of this correlation is still debated. The main goal of this work is to explore the possible dependence of the Tc trend on stellar Galactocentric distances, Rmean. We used high-quality spectra of about 40 stars observed with the HARPS and UVES spectrographs to derive precise stellar parameters, chemical abundances, and stellar ages. A differential line-by-line analysis was applied to achieve the highest possible precision in the chemical abundances. We confirm previous results that [X/Fe] abundance ratios depend on stellar age and that for a given age, some elements also show a dependence on Rmean. When using the whole sample of stars, we observe a weak hint that the Tc trend depends on Rmean. The observed dependence is very complex and disappears when only stars with similar ages are considered. To conclude on the possible dependence of the Tc trend on the formation place of stars, a larger sample of stars with very similar atmospheric parameters and stellar ages observed at different Galactocentric distances is neededComment: Accepted by A&

Constraints on Trenchward Arc Migration and Backarc Magmatism in the North Patagonian Andes in the Context of Nazca Plate Rollback

Geochemical and geochronological data reveal that late Oligocene-early Miocene time is a break point in the evolution of Andean magmatism. The Patagonian Andes registered the onset of arc volcanism since the late Eocene forming part of the El Maitén Belt, whose development was driven by the subduction of the Farallon/Nazca plates beneath the Andean margin. During the Oligocene, the El Maitén Belt shows a change in the geochemical signature of its magmas from tholeiitic to calc-alkaline compositions, reflecting a more mature stage in the magmatic arc evolution. Toward the early Miocene, a striking event is registered in Andean volcanic sequences as mafic tholeiitic lava flows of the El Maitén are interbedded with marine deposits, suggesting their development in the context of a fast subsiding regime. Geochemical analyses presented in this paper show that these rocks resemble enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt-like and ocean island basalt compositions, isotopically depleted, which strongly contrast with previous arc products. By this time, a global plate reorganization event had caused an increase in convergence rates, accelerated rollback, and a more orthogonal geometry of subduction, triggering widespread magmatism and the development of extensional basins in the overriding plate. Arc-related volcanism during the early Miocene can be found only in the western slope of the Andes, suggesting the retreat of the volcanic front toward the trench. The proposed model highlights a strong linkage between the geochemical signature of magmatic products and changes in the subduction zone configuration and mantle dynamics during the evolution of the Patagonian Andes (41–44°S).Fil: Fernández Paz, Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Bechis, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio; ArgentinaFil: Litvak, Vanesa Dafne. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Echaurren Gonzalez, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Encinas, A.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: González, J.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Lucassen, F.. Universitat Bremen; AlemaniaFil: Oliveros, V.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Valencia, V.. Washington State University; Estados UnidosFil: Folguera Telichevsky, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentin

Characterization of silicon thin overlayers on rutile \ce{TiO2} (110)-(1x1)

Silicon thin films for coverages ($\theta$) between 0.3 and 3 monolayers have been grown on rutile \ce{TiO2}(110)-(1x1) at room temperature and studied by x-ray and ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopies, Auger electron spectroscopy, and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). A clear evidence of a strong \ce{Si}/\ce{TiO2} interaction consistent with the high affinity of O for Si has been found. The Ti cations on the substrate are reduced, while the Si film is oxidized, yielding \ce{SiO2} and a mixture of silicon suboxides. Neutral Si atoms are observed at a coverage of 3 monolayers. At the interface region we observe the formation of cross-linking Ti-O-Si bonds. The thin Si overlayer strongly attenuates the $(1 \times 1)$ LEED pattern from the substrate. Finally, thermal annealing results in the improvement of the \ce{SiO2} stoichiometry, but the surface order is not recovered. Using ab-initio density functional theory we have obtained optimum geometrical configurations and corresponding density of states for 1/3 \le \theta \le 1$monolayers of Si adsorbed on the$1 \times 1$ two-dimensional unit cell

The Isolation Concept in the 5G Network Slicing

The fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks shall host a number of tenants and provide services tailored to meet a wide range of requirements in terms of performance, dependability and security. Network slicing will be a key enabler, by assigning dedicated resources and functionalities to meet such requirements, where the isolation between slices, i.e., that a slice may operate without interference from other slices, becomes a core issue. The objective of this paper is to give a thorough insight into the isolation concept, discuss the challenges involved in providing it, and outline the means available to provide various levels of isolation. Fundamental concepts that can be used in further work to build an isolation solution tailored to specific needs. This paper defines important concepts such as the Provider Management, the Tenant Management, and the Means of Isolation in the context of the Isolation Dimensions. The conclusion of the study is that dealing with isolation between slices needs extensions in state of the art on the mentioned concepts, and in how to tailor the isolation to meet the needs in a cost-efficiency manner.acceptedVersio

Thickness-Dependent Differential Reflectance Spectra of Monolayer and Few-Layer MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2

The research field of two dimensional (2D) materials strongly relies on optical microscopy characterization tools to identify atomically thin materials and to determine their number of layers. Moreover, optical microscopy-based techniques opened the door to study the optical properties of these nanomaterials. We presented a comprehensive study of the differential reflectance spectra of 2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2, with thickness ranging from one layer up to six layers. We analyzed the thickness-dependent energy of the different excitonic features, indicating the change in the band structure of the different TMDC materials with the number of layers. Our work provided a route to employ differential reflectance spectroscopy for determining the number of layers of MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2.Comment: Main text (3 Figures) and Supp. Info. (23 Figures